Solar Power Essay example -- science

solar Power every(prenominal) life on state depends on naught from the sunniness. Solar energy is the source of energy for photosynthesis. It provides the warmth required for plants and animals to survive. The heat from the sun causes water on the Earths surface to evaporate and form clouds that eventually provide fresh rainwater. Solar energy is the result of thermonuclear optical fusion reactions deep within the sun. These reactions produce so much energy that they keep the surface temperature of the sun at close 10,300B0F. Even though solar energy is the largest source of energy received by the Earth, its intensity at the Earths surface is actually very low due to the large distance between the Earth and the sun and the fact that the Earths atmosphere absorbs and scatters some(prenominal) of the radiation. Even on a clear day with the sun directly overhead, the energy that reaches the Earths surface is reduced about 30 percent by the atmosphere. When the sun is near the hor izon and the sky is overcast, the solar energy at ground level can be negligible. It overly varies from one point to another on the Earths surface. Nevertheless, in the 20th century, the suns energy has become an increasingly attractive source for small amounts of direct power to get together human needs. A number of devices for lay in solar energy and converting it into electricity have been developed, and solar energy is used in a variety of ways. Solar energy is used to heat houses, and in many countries specially designed solar... Solar Power Essay example -- scienceSolar PowerAll life on Earth depends on energy from the sun. Solar energy is the source of energy for photosynthesis. It provides the warmth necessary for plants and animals to survive. The heat from the sun causes water on the Earths surface to evaporate and form clouds that eventually provide fresh rainwater. Solar energy is the result of thermonuclear fusion reactions deep within the sun. These reactions produce so much energy that they keep the surface temperature of the sun at about 10,300B0F. Even though solar energy is the largest source of energy received by the Earth, its intensity at the Earths surface is actually very low due to the large distance between the Earth and the sun and the fact that the Earths atmosphere absorbs and scatters some of the radiation. Even on a clear day with the sun directly overhead, the energy that reaches the Earths surface is reduced about 30 percent by the atmosphere. When the sun is near the horizon and the sky is overcast, the solar energy at ground level can be negligible. It also varies from one point to another on the Earths surface. Nevertheless, in the 20th century, the suns energy has become an increasingly attractive source for small amounts of direct power to meet human needs. A number of devices for collecting solar energy and converting it into electricity have been developed, and solar energy is used in a variety of ways. Solar energy is used to heat houses, and in many countries specially designed solar...

World Literature Essay Number Two: -- English Literature

World Literature Essay Number TwoThe symbolism of dividing line and Water in the play Blood WeddingThe two word title of the play Blood Wedding by Frederico GarciaLorca presents both a contradiction and a concurrence. These themescontinue passim the play, and the two words of the title are usedto capture the essence of the contrasting movements of its action. Thewedding symbolises the harmony of man and woman, and the extensionof life. Blood too symbolises these things, however it also evokescontrasting feelings of violence, ending and destruction. Bloodrepresents the strength of the broth ties in families, and promotesthe sense of repeating history which is evident throughout the play,as well as fertility and the cyclical nature of life. Used in anotherway, the literary references to blood create a sense of destiny, theblood choosing the path of the characters. Blood also represents andis used to express extreme passion in the characters. It alsoreinforces the violence to whic h the characters in the play areexposed and school part in.The strongest symbolic use of blood, which is carried throughout theplay, is the link it creates between the characters and theirancestors, and the sense of history being repeated. This is evidentfrom the very offset printing of the play, when the mother speaks about thedeath of her husband and her son. She asks herself why a man would bekilled just because he goes out to his vines or his olives becausethey are his passed down to him from his fathers1. The mother istalking to her son, the bridegroom, and so from the beginning we knowthat his father and brother were both murdered, and thus he isimmediately linked by his blood to violence and k... ... It is also introduced in order to furnishthe light by which the bridegroom and the townspeople may hunt for thebride and Leonardo. The light of the woolgather is cold, and this light isthe mechanism by which the blood is able to be spilled. The moonbrings in a surreal aspec t to the play in that it is represented by awoodcutter, and has its own purpose and desires.Blood represents three recurring themes in the play Blood Wedding.It creates a strong sense of inevitability of events by symbolisinglinks to the past by family and blood line. It also enforces the conceitof the inescapability of fate and the cyclical nature of life andrecurring events across generations. It is also used to represent theextreme emotions felt by the characters, and to show the depth oftheir passion. The final examination theme is that of violence, which is presentthroughout the play.

Absinthe: The Price of Creativity :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Absinthe The Price of CreativityThe practice of serious art, whether it be painting, music or literature, requires originalities of perception. At a level of neurobiology what this usually means is that the nervous system must respond in new ways to quondam(a) inputs. How can in individual induce these responses that are needed for creativity? If creativity is a behavior, can it be influenced by things that occur in the wizard?Some artists seem to be naturally endowed with the gift of creativity and the creation of these new responses to old information. Some artists seek to place themselves in ambient conditions in order to induce these new responses of the nervous system. And other artists seek out the help of drugs. Drugs can have a wide variety of effects, from lowly physical effects to huge effects on personality and behavior. At the end of the 19th century there was an era of great creativity in Europe. Particularly in France, the Belle Epoch era brought with it a generation of artists that produced an enormous output of creativity. These artists survived in artistic circles which brought with them the notorious alcoholic beverageic drink called absinthe.In 1910 to 1915 absinthe was recognized as a neurological poison throughout Europe, and it was also banned in the US. However, amongst the fans of absinthe we find some of the most notional minds of the era. These include De Musset, Baudelaire, Verlaine, Zola, Oscar Wilde, Gaugin, Toulouse-Lautrec, Van Gough, Hemmingway and Picasso. (5) Oscar Wilde said of absinthe After the first glass, you see things as you wish they were. After the second, you see them as they are not. Finally, you see things as they really are, which is the most horrible thing in the world. Although absinthe had become the national drink of France by the end of the 19th century, absinthe had a paper for inducing insane and criminal acts as well as convulsions and other effects of toxicity (1)Though absinthe contains a high volume of alcohol (usually 70%), it is not the ethyl alcohol that is the important neuro-active ingredient, but the terpenoid alpha-thujone. Thujone is derived from the oil of the plants, Artemisia absinthium (common names bitter wormwood, wormseed, Wermutkraut, Asscnizio, Losna, Pelin) and Artemisia pontica (Roman Wormwood), both of the daisy family. The plant is described as a redolent perennial herb about 1-4 feet tall with silver-green leaves, silky hairs on both sides of the leaves, and small yellowish-green flowers present during July-September (4).

John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath and William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury :: essays papers

John Steinbecks novel, The Grapes of Wrath, and William Faulkners novel, The Sound and the Fury Throughout history, many devastating economic, social, and environmental changes have occurred causing people to inception and overcome immense odds. In the 1930s, The Great picture and the Dustbowl Disaster, a drought with horrific dust storms turning once-fertile agricultural lands of mid-America into virtual wastelands, forced thousands of destitute farmers to fill their families and belongings into their cars in search of agricultural work in central California. Years of degradation stemming from the end of slavery beginning at the conclusion of the accomplished War destructed the old southern aristocratic families. These different outer influences impact on the characters is seen in John Steinbecks novel, The Grapes of Wrath, and William Faulkners novel, The Sound and the Fury. Steinbeck illustrates and advocates drastic external changes in the economy and life style of the downtrodden migrants, as he follows the Joad family from Oklahoma to California. Faulkner depicts the decline of the aristocratic south through the eyes of the Compson children. The external changes, The Great Depression and the Dustbowl, affected the Joads economically and emotionally. By economic standards the Joads were poor before the Dust Bowl. However, they believed they had economic value and importance by working their own 40 realm of land. Grampa took up the land, and he had to kill the Indians and drive them away. And Pa was born here Then a bad year came and he had to borrow a puny money. An we was born here. And Pa had to borrow money. The bank owned the land then, but we stayed and we got a little bit of what we raised(Steinbeck 45). Losing the farm, being forced to leave their position in a search of work, meant the loss of their social values. To the Joads, value and life importance rest in working the land and this ideology of the past make their emot ional adjustment to being a wondering, an Okie, even more difficult. The moving, questing people were migrants now. Those families which had lived on a little piece of land, who had lived and died on forty acres, had now the only West to rove in. And they scampered about, looking for work and the highways were streams of people, and the ditch banks were lines of people.

Veterinary Medicine Essays -- essays research papers

Veterinary MedicineVeterinary practice of medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the diseases of animals. Treating pets is one of the most profitable fields in veterinary medicine. The proper inoculation of animals and the diagnosis of diseases are part of a veterinarians duties. The first step to a career in veterinary medicine is deciding that it is the compensate path for you. If you like animals, enjoy working with your hands as well as your mind, and want a challenging job with different responsibilities, veterinary medicine may be right for you. There are many requirements for a person to become a veterinarian. You need at least two long time of pre veterinary college work. Four years of study in a college of veterinary medicine is a must. A degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.) from an countenance veterinary college is also needed. After you get a diploma, a graduate must comply with the license laws of the state. After licensed, the veterinarian may go into privy practice. An academic background of science, biology, and math are needed. They also need to have good communication skills, chemistry, social sciences, and humanities.A private practice is the most communal place to find a veterinarian. Only in urban areas do you find many in animal hospitals. Other services of veterinarians include circuses and zoos which unendingly require their services to keep their animals healthy. Veterinarians may also be employed by the government to study and treat ...

Veterinary Medicine Essays -- essays research papers

Veterinary MedicineVeterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the diseases of animals. Treating pets is one of the more or less profitable fields in veterinary medicine. The proper vaccination of animals and the diagnosis of diseases are part of a veterinarians duties. The first step to a career in veterinary medicine is deciding that it is the right path for you. If you like animals, enjoy working with your hands as well as your mind, and involve a challenging job with different responsibilities, veterinary medicine may be right for you. There are galore(postnominal) requirements for a person to fashion a veterinarian. You need at least two years of pre veterinary college work. Four years of study in a college of veterinary medicine is a must. A degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.) from an appropriate veterinary college is also needed. After you get a diploma, a graduate must keep up with the license laws of the state. After licensed, the veterin arian may go into private practice. An academic background of science, biology, and math are needed. They also need to have good colloquy skills, chemistry, social sciences, and humanities.A private practice is the most common place to find a veterinarian. Only in urban areas do you find many in animal hospitals. Other services of veterinarians include circuses and zoos which constantly require their services to keep their animals healthy. Veterinarians may also be employed by the giving medication to study and treat ...

Law Codes

Chad Goering Essay 1 Hittite truth Code and the Code of the Assyrians In this paper, Ill compare both(prenominal) law codes of the Hittites and Assyrians by comparing the two aspects dealing with sexual conduct and relations. Also, Ill examine their differences and similarities and consider why regulating sexuality was so authorised to both the Hittites and Assyrians. When examining the Hittite and Assyrian law codes, I thought there was a big difference. The first thing I noticed was that the Hittite laws were stricter and focused much on men, where the Assyrians laws were more punishable to women.A majority of the laws written by the Hittites sole(prenominal) involved punishment towards men. Yes Assyrians also had punishments but not as largely targeted towards men as the Hittites. For example there is a Hittite law saying If a man digest intercourse with a cow, it is a capital crime, he shall die. They shall lead him to the kings hall. But the king may kill him the king may grant him his life. But he shall not approach the king. As said in the Hittite Law Code excerpts from The Code of the Nesilim. thither is nothing in the Assyrian code mentioning anything about a man committing bestiality. The Assyrians are opposite compared to the Hittites their laws are in the first place targeted at women rather than men. According to Excerpts from the Code of the Assyrians, there is a law stating, If a man go through relations with the wife of a man at her wish, there is no penalty for that man. The man shall lay upon the woman, his wife, the penalty he wishes. From my understanding, they do not focus on what the man did but rather however what the woman has d adept.The women alone will take punishment for the act. Examining the two laws makes me believe the difference between the two groups is the harshness towards men or women. However, the Hittites and Assyrians do have similarities. There are two laws that are closely comparable regarding a man raping a woman. The Hittite law states, If a man rape a woman in the mountain, it is the mans wrong, he shall die. But if he rape her in the house, it is the womans fault, the woman shall die. If the husband find them and then kill them, there is no intemperate the husband. (Hittite Law Code excerpts from The Code of the Nesilim).The Assyrians law stated by Excerpts from the Code of the Assyrians based on rape states, If the wife of a man be travel on the highway, and a man seize her, say to her I will surely have intercourse with you, if she be not willing and defend herself, and he seize her by force and rape her, whether they catch him upon the wife of a man, or whether at the word of the woman whom he has raped, the elders shall prosecute him, they shall put him to death. There is no punishment for the woman. In my opinion, the punishment for this crime is almost exactly the equal for both the Hittites and Assyrians.Therefore, there are some similarities between the Hittites and the Assyrians law codes. sensation aspect on punishment I find elicit is how harsh the Hittites and Assyrians punishments were compared to how they are today in the United States. The reason why I remember the Hittites and Assyrians were so harsh was because they didnt have a problem with killing somebody. To them, both groups felt if you committed the crime, you will receive the punishment deserved.Im not saying that America doesnt have a good system, but I dont think the punishments given are nearly as harsh as what they should be. When it comes to relationships, Hittites and Assyrians treat it the same. They both have a male dominated culture. Men can do whatever they want while women have to be loyal to their husband. From reading the laws about sexual conduct, I understand that if youre a man, you can have sex whenever and wherever if the partner is willing. As stated before, if the man rapes a woman there will be punishment.However, if youre a woman, you cannot cheat on your hu sband. Therefore, makes this sexual conduct law one sided towards men. Overall, when comparing the laws between the Hittites and Assyrians, I believe that they are pretty similar. Both of the codes are saying to not cheat on your husband. I find it interesting though that they both focus on the women slicker and not the male. Neither code has a law saying anything about a man cheating on his wife. Yes, they have punishment for men who rape women but nothing more than that. They expect women to be more proper and focus on doing the correctly thing.Even in todays society they expect women to be perfect and loyal and not be sluts. Nowadays, men are expected to be the same as women. Allowing men and women to have the same expectations is a good thing because both are treated more closely equal. In todays society, men and women are still somewhat treated different in certain situations, however, both men and women are now treated equally when it comes to punishment which is a good thin g. The only problem I have with the punishment in todays society is its not nearly as harsh as it once was.Punishment in general is the most comparable thing between the Hittites and Assyrians law codes. The punishments are very harsh and nothing is tolerated. The only main difference between the two groups law codes is who the punishment is targeted towards. Now in this paper I have compared both the Hittites Law Code and the Code of the Assyrians. I have examined their differences and similarities and also reasoned why regulating sexual conduct was so important to them both. By doing this, it makes you think of how behind we have it in todays world and makes you wonder what it would be like to live back then.

Renaissance in Harlem City in the Viewpoint of Toni Morrison’s Jazz Essay

Jazz, a novel by Toni Morrison, is a chronicle of the lives and struggles of the African Americans during the Harlem Renaissance in the United States. The novel begins with an African-American community in Harlem New York in the year 1926. What makes it a credible commentary on that specific period in the history of the United States and that of the African-American pile is the brainy description of the cause of the glittering urban center (Morrison 1992) of Harlem, the setting of the novel.Not single was the description accurate and vivid in accordance to the diachronic account of Harlem Renaissance but virtually importantly it has become a novel that encodes the way of life of every African- American during the said diachronic period. In the novel, the City has always been very important in the representation of the Black community, not only as a metropolis within the city but the very essence of Black existence during the 1920s. The historical backdrop of this novel i s the 1920s United States better known as the Age of Prosperity for most Americans because of the end of the First World War.Americans lead a in the buff way of living that is free from German Imperialism. After the war, the African American soldiers looked forward for their freedom but never had one. Even after slavery was abolished, African Americans still pass on to work in cotton and simoleons cane plantations. During this period, about 90% of the African Americans in the South were suffering and they viewed the North as a place of dignity, opportunity, and freedom. This period paved way to The consid geological erable Migration where African- Americans migrated from south to north en masse particularly Harlem, New York.Even when they confronted an other(prenominal) kind of racism in their new community, they somehow led a better and to a greater extent decent life. The rise of the Harlem Renaissance heralds a paradise that is discrimination-safe for the African- Americans. The Harlem Renaissance as Depicted by Harlem City in Jazz As stated earlier, the city has become the sole instrument of the novel in making its account of the historical period vivid and interesting. The city represents many incompatible aspects of the African-American life which makes this novel a credible account of the African-American life during the Harlem Renaissance.By using the Harlem City as the setting of the novel, it makes the novel more grounded to the historical period where it is based from. This essay will examine the importance of the City in the development of the novel as well as its do to the readers interpretation of it. Our first account of the city is found in Chapter 1 of the novel. In the words of an omniscient narrator A city like this one makes me dream tall and feel in on things. Hep. Its the bright steel rocking above the shade below that does it.When I looked over strips of green grass lining the river, at church steeples and into the cream-and-copp er halls of the apartment buildings, Im strong. Alone, yes, but top-notched and indestructiblelike this City in 1926 when all wars are over and there will be another one. The people down there are happy about that. At proceed, at last, everythings ahead. The A&P hires a colored clerk. Big legged woman with pink kitty tongues roll money into green tubes for later on then they muzzle and put their arms around each other. I like the way the City makes people think they can do what they want and get by with it.I see them all over the place wealthy whites and plain ones too, pile into mansions decorated and redecorated by black women richer than they are, and both are pleased with the spectacle of the other (Morrison 1992). The first sentence suggests that the narrator sees this city as different and unique among the cities that he has been as suggested by the article a. This city, he contends, makes him dream bighearted things and actually keep in touch with it. Basing on the backd rop of the novel, the Harlem Renaissance has brought about changes in the lives of the African- Americans.The Harlem City in particular has become a new haven for the African-American migrants from the South to find a new and better life that is free of all the oppression and discrimination that they experienced. This dream is not qualify by the narrator. However, I see dreaming (whether tall, big, or small) as something that is treasured by the African- Americans for only in this city that they were able to dream whatever dreams they have for themselves as an individual and as a group of people. To be able to dream is already a dream come true for the African- Americans who sought for another world for cultural recognition and self-importance identity.Though the dream was not specified, it can be deduced that this dream is that of the freedom to actually dream. Moreover, it is freedom to live in a place where they can be who they are. The second sentence further speaks of the Afr ican- Americans newfound life. The narrator speaks of the city as the reason of his strength. This presupposes the fact that the narrator matt-up that he was weak prior to his arrival in the city. In placing the novel into the historical backdrop of Harlem Renaissance, African- Americans especially in the South were treated as inferiors in relation to the Whites.They were seen as weak and a lesser class of humans by the Whites. Furthermore, they were reduced to slavery as if brandishing them that government agency as their only role in America. However, as the going suggests, this inferiority and weakness has been replaced by pride and strength. As a matter of fact, not only was the city a haven where discrimination and oppression among the African- Americans were inexistent, it has excessively become a place where they can dwell and live like normal Americans as suggested by an employment of an African- American woman as a clerk in A&P.The role of slaves as a stereotyped job of African- Americans is already eradicated in the city. As a matter of fact, Blacks and Whites are in the city devoid of any differences and were living harmoniously with each other as suggested by the last sentence of the passage the Whites and the Blacks are pleased to just accomplish their roles (richer Black women decorating the houses of the Whites). The words top-notched and indestructible in the third sentence suggests the confidence that the African- Americans gain in living in Harlem.They see it as the end of their struggle for equality and the end of every possibility of oppression. As told by the narrator, even when he is alone he felt that the city is with him. Because of this, both of them (the city and the narrator) feel indestructible. The city has become a sanctuary for African- Americans from all the oppression and discrimination. If we look back in history, the Harlem has been the place where most of the African- Americans from the south migrated for they found the city as a place of greener pastures.They find Harlem City as a place where they can start new lives and fete their unique cultural identities. Lastly, the fourth sentence sums up the real feeling and sensibilities of the narrator and the African- Americans in general on living in the City. The narrator says that the people are really happy not only with the end of the war and the struggles but also of their newfound freedom in the city. The phrase at last suggests that this happiness and freedom have always been yearned by African- Americans.They finally experienced the happiness that they always sought for in Harlem City. In this sense, the city has become an pattern of an emancipated African- Americans from their battle for equality. The Harlem Renaissance has always been considered as the spiritual coming of age of the Black community where African-Americans were able to foster group recognition and self determination. The Element of Setting in Historical Fiction The difference between settings and events that are based on historical facts and those based on the imagination of the author is mainly objectivity.Events in a historical fiction are always patterned in real and hard facts of history. While other elements of the story much(prenominal) as characters and plots might be different, there would always be a cast from which the author will based his or her settings, characters, and plots. It is not a unavoidable that the whole set of facts should be accurately depicted such as writing histories, it is already enough that the facts are presented accurately to serve the purpose of a historical backdrop for the development of a work of art such as fiction.Historical novel need not lie in the historical worlds they create but in the relationship between the world and the chief actors. Historical novels can be meticulous in depicting the larger con schoolbooks of an era while creating either the chief actors in that world or giving them undocumented thoug hts and actions (Berkhofer et al 1997). In the novel, Morrison patterned the event to that of the Harlem Renaissance. From the beginning of The Great Migration as illustrated by most of the major characters moving from the South to the North.Moreover, it is also evident in the passage cited above that the narrator is new to the place which indicates that he is a migrant. He sees the place as something different and strange which suggests that he is new in the place. However, there is no indication that the characters were patterned into some particular historical figure. But it is apparent that even though there were no particular persons involved in the development of the characters, they are still patterned towards possibilities and tendencies of the people that lived in that particular era, that is, African- Americans during the Renaissance.The sensibilities and actions of the characters are always influenced by the happenings and the circumstances of the times. For instance, th e narrators attitude and feeling towards the city is a typical African- American reaction to a place that has brought freedom to their community. On one hand, events and settings that are based on the imagination of the author are highly subjective. They are basically unrestrained and free that the author is free to just create and invent any event, setting, plot, and characters without having to sanction these elements to facts or history.The possibilities are endless so that authors would not need to concern themselves with verity nor loyalty to any outset. Historical Literary Criticism as a Tool in Understanding Jazz It has been argued that historical point of view or knowledge as a method in literary criticism would render our interpretation of literature more objective. With historical literary criticism, our interpretation of the text is sanctioned on the subjects relevance, relationship, and influence of the historical period where it is written.It is not merely a baseles s interpretation it is an interpretation with a historical ground. This is for the reason that history is a bedrock of objective facts and data that give credence to any empirical discipline. It is believed that literature that is based on history would be more realistic. The objective ground of history is precisely that which enables the subjective elements which constitute literary texts to function beyond the aesthetic (Green 1995). In other words, our knowledge of the historical events, figures, and background would make our interpretation more accurate for it is more objective.Not only would it provide a ground for the understanding of the facts and events of the past but also of that particular periods attitudes, perception, thoughts, and ideologies about the world. In the novel, Harlem Renaissance is not just used as a historical background to quantify or justify the tendencies of the characters and the vividness of the setting and events, but also the commentaries and ideo logies that the African- Americans have during the period.For instance, the novel incorporated the historical event of the Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance not only to give the novel more accuracy and objectivity but also to assert the Blacks attitude towards racism and their yearning to assert their identities by dint of music and other forms of art with the encourage of the glittering city (Morrison 1992). The readers knowledge of the historical background of a work of fiction would help him/her understand the contexts of the novel that would render his/her interpretation in an objective path. As earlier mentioned, historical background and details would make a work of literature more grounded.However, this is not the case with anachronism. This is the worst sin that a historian or a historical fictionist could commit. To represent something outside the supposed context of the historical period would thwart the interpretation and knowledge of the readers upon the text and the historical event itself. In the novel, there are no cases of anachronism for Toni Morrison is a reliable source of the lives of the African- Americans as she is one of them herself. As far as the city life is concerned, she has not only depicted it clearly but also reflected its ideologies very accurately as stated in earlier paragraphs.Though it would be difficult to avoid anachronism for every writer will always interpret historical facts in their own subjective ways, it is highly recommended that writers especially historical fiction writers which has purposes of being objective rather than just being aesthetic should stick to the original. In this way, they would not only remain faithful to history where it is basing its vividness, accuracy, and reliability but also serve a higher purpose of informing readers the ideologies and sensibilities of every historical period and figure that has shaped the world.

Case: Siemens AG †Global Development Strategy Essay

due south is a huge 155 year old international $77 billion German based companionship operating from side to side 16 big business units by means of one of the mankinds main infrastructure, electronic and engineering corporation and 1200 fully merges supplementaries in additional than 190 countries, which are sprint by 484,000 workers.All siemens businesses are part of a vehement point organization that combines a central strategic compass reading with decentralized business and local responsibilities. As worldwide entrepreneurs, randomness Operating Groups are singly accountable for their universal businesses. Each Group has its own Executive Management, which is accountable for organization Group commerce in accordance with corporation policies distinct by the Managing Board of due south AG. The Operating Groups decide how their resources will be second-hand. They develop their possess strategies, manage their possess assets and generate pay in their respective marketplace se gments.Siemens Vision, Strategy & Principles.According to the expert analysis a comp whatever likes siemens with so a group of people, production sites, products and associates all over the world needs a solid base of lawful and ethical principles.Siemens incarnate PrincipleSiemens is a productive innovator and a strong actor in the global commerce stadium. The information, skills and dedication of our populace are crucial to our sustained get hold ofment as a corporation.Source Siemens Corporate Responsibility Report 20021.We strengthen our CUSTOMERS to keep them spirited.2.We push INNOVATION to form the prospect.3.We enhance corporation VALUE to open new opportunities.4.We empower our PEOPLE to achieve world-class performance. Our workers are the key to our success. We work jointly as a global network of knowledge and knowledge. Our corporate civilization is defined by variety, by openconversation and mutual admiration, and by clear endeavors and important leadership.5.We embrace business RESPONSIBILITY- to advance civilization.Although every Group of Siemens determines their possess strategies base on these principles. Siemens One is novel company-wide strategy to improve marketplace diffusion and drive enlargement in new sports stadiums by ornamental cooperation crosswise the whole association.Excellent Employees Guarantee SuccessSiemens needs the most excellent and the brightest populace in order to attain outstanding business consequences. Siemens want to be the company of option for extremely capable applicants and offer them exceptional long-term possible by emphasising on staffing, training, sustained education, incentive and culture opportunity by means of in the business.Key strategies.1.Service Provision To give staffing programmes responsiveness to the require of the department in some business unit of any collection of siemens and transports to the highest probable standards of superiority.2.Employee as entrepreneur within the organisat ion. Employee is conscious of the overall objective. Agreed and loyal and responsible for the human being/group goal location.3.Employee Orientation/ Developing employees and leaders has a long tradition at siemens. It includes advanced preparation at all levels of association and Life-long knowledge. Systematic development of immature high-potentials.4.Diversity. Diverse teams transport them significant benefits. Teams are able of considering difficulty from dissimilar perspectives throughout the corporation. Diversity in siemens is on the foundation of age, gender,civilization, faith and people.5.Employment point Policies. Cooperation in the siemens-one strategy is extremely well applied with the guidelines for HR distinct in the Corporate Citizenship account 2001.Best Practice/Harvard model of HRMSituational Factors-1.Work Force CharacteristicsSiemens had 430000 employees(in 2004) universal.Employees humankind wide Worker QualificationThis research focused on this truth that t he above diagrams demonstrate the Employees worldwide and worker requirement respectively in the year 2004. Siemens has in a job employees as of all over the globe and populace with different experience. The proportion of women workforce is 27% of total worldwide lug forceSiemens HR Planning Model uses SYSTEMS approach.The process of corresponding prospect organisational requirements with the provide of properly capable, committed and knowledgeable staff in the right put at the right occasion. These staff can be haggard from both the interior and outside labour markets.Recruitment & SelectionSiemens recruitment/selection procedure is based on a number of principles similar to the potential of the applicant has to be senior than the requirements of admission job, No cooperation in assortment and Professional Selection skills.Human imaging DevelopmentHuman resource growth is the main key achievement of the siemens association. Siemens is a knowledge and innovation base corporation s o constant HRD is having to for siemens. Siemens has a put of strategy and principles for innovation, excellence, customer armed forces and compass reading and preparation.Siemens Distributed Organizational Structure And Offshore Project Development StrategySiemens exhausted more than Euros 500 million in economic year 2004.Siemens- a worldwide network of novelty comprising more than 400000 people-offers ground-breaking crop, solutions and armed forces spanning the whole field of electronics and electrical manufacturing. Our success is based on a well-focused commerce collection, a truthfully global attendance and an international labor force of highly competent and extremely aggravated managers and workers. Source Siemens annual accountReferencehttp//www.siemens.com.br/responsabilidade_2003_template3.asp?canal=5459& get up=5434&CanalParent=5434&Grupo=2http//www.bnet.com/abstract.aspx?cid=101&sortby=comp&docid=53022http//www.br.siemens.com.br/siemens/po/empresa/citizenship/download /pdf/corp_cit_report_2001_en.pdfhttp//www.siemens.com.br/responsabilidade_2003_template1.asp?canal=5438&parent=5387&CanalParent=5387&Grupo=2

Newell Company Corporate Strategy Essay

1. In assessing Newell Companys corporate-level dodging and whether the company adds value to the businesses within its portfolio, it is necessary to identify its overarching scheme and consequently explain it with context to how it affects the various businesses within the larger corporate body. Newell Companys main corporate-level strategy as defined by Dan Fergurson was build on what we do best. The company focused on process through strategic acquisitions of firms that sold low cost and high volume point of intersectionions to large retailers, still that were underperforming due(p) to high operating cost. After an acquisition, Newell would then transplant the quick operational systems of the firm to align it with its corporate structure. The aim was to increase operational expertness and profitability and to focus it on a key product. In 1990, Newell also recognized the importance of internal growth and included it in its corporate-level strategy.Newells corporate-leve l strategy had a high level of positive impact because it was internally consistent. The corporate office maintained control over legal, administrative and monetary functions while allowing one-on-one divisions to control marketing, manufacturing and sales. It also retained strict control over each divisions product lines as it disallowed any deviation from the key product focus defined by Newell. This ensured that the decisions made by various divisions remained in line with the Newell corporate office strategies. Overarching company goals were also aligned with its business strategies and acquisitions, and this was unspoiled for the various companies it acquired over time. One of Newells corporate strategies was selling products across different price points. This remained in accordance with its goal of being a provider of low cost and high volume goods to large retailers and helped to keep the company competitive against young entrants to the different price categories.This w as advantageous to businesses under Newell as its respective(prenominal) product lines were able to retain important shelf space, ensuring better sales of products. Focused growth via streamlining strategic acquisitions was enabled by Newells appropriate use of easy resources. One of Newells core competencies was its operational capacity and its system of bringing acquired companies to its high standards of efficiency and profitability. Its success in the streamlining process can be seen from the mental quickness with which changes were made and the results of the process. As stated in the case study,Newellization typically took less than 6 months to implement. After acquiring Anchor Hocking, the management from Newell achieved cost savings by letting go of unnecessary resources within the company such as its glass factory and its retail stores and introduced new systems which helped to bring about improved efficiency such as reducing its customer lead order period from 18 to 7 days. While the businesses within Newell may have encountered issues due to the restrictions on innovative growth, they ultimately benefited from the focus on operational efficiency and cost savings resulting in higher operating margins.Newells corporate-level strategy was slightly dynamic relative to the environment. While it maintained a strict focus on certain goals, the corporate strategy was also modified to include new ideas that would ensure sustainable growth. This can be seen from the case where Newells growth strategy was expanded to include the international market, widening their acquisition target cranial orbit to include companies based overseas. This was due to the fact that Newells target market, retailers like Walmart, was expanding into foreign markets. In 1989, corporate management recognized the importance of internal growth within the respective divisions instead of simply focusing on each division generating higher levels of profit, and the growth of the comp any being driven by acquisitions. They reflected this change in attitude by changing the corporate bonus structure to encourage executives to pursue internal growth in addition to its existing goals.Newells corporate-level strategy was effective for many years as can be seen from the fact that it had higher returns to investors comp atomic number 18d to the S&P 500. This was due to a number of factors such as maintaining internal consistency, efficient use of resources and keeping corporate strategy dynamic relative to the changing environment. Businesses acquired were in synergy and this was beneficial to individual businesses in ensuring less wastage and improved levels of service and efficacy. In addition, businesses were also able to take advantage of Newells economies of scale and economies of scope. However, despite its positive financial returns, as financial returns are indicative of past policies being effective, it would non be symptomatic of future success. Newells stric t enforcement of focus on key product lines without allowing for more innovative expansion of those product lines could lead to much slower levels of growth after initial operational synergies were realized.This would in turn be detrimental in maintaining its competitive advantage in the foresighted run.4. While the acquisition of Calphalon could pose some problems in the integration process, it was aligned to Newells overall corporate strategy and would be beneficial to Newell in the long run if Calphalon was incorporated without eroding its bountifulness product offering. Calphalons acquisition was beneficial to Newell in two ways. It allowed Newell to grow out into new markets that had not reached saturation without cannibalizing its existing product lines. While Newell focused on mass market retailers such as Walmart and Home Depot, Calphalons products were sold to high end retailers such as Williams Sonoma and Macys. Calphalons product offering and strong brand recognition would enable Newell to reach out to the subvention market and diversify its product portfolio further. At the comparable time, Newells strong focus on customer relationships and Calphalons attitude of building partnerships with its retailers are analogous and would ease its assimilation into the firm.Calphalons pull strategies could also be leveraged by Newell to differentiate its product portfolio from other low cost competitors, enabling it to maintain its existing market share. Newells core competencies would be useful in reducing Calphalons rising costs while concentrating on its strength as a premium product. As can be seen from the financial statements, cost of goods sold increased significantly from 1996 to 1997 without a correspondingly large increase in revenue. The problems confront by Calphalon in terms of operations would be easily manageable for Newell given its strong background in operational efficiency and its experience with assimilative acquisitions to its corpo rate system. However, as Newells product offerings were primarily utilitarian while Calphalons products focused on an emotional connection between the product and the premium end user, Calphalons integration into Newell would be more delicate than other acquisitions.As the Newellization process typically removes the acquired companys systems to replace it with Newells system, its tautness could erode Calphalons brand equity as a premium cookware producer. While this would be difficult, it would still make sense in the long run given the potential benefits to Newell and the relatively low amount of risk present in the acquisition.The acquisition of Rubbermaid would seem beneficial given the numerous advantages that Newell would gain, still the many complications associated with the process as well as the fundamental differences between Newell and Rubbermaid make the acquisition too risky to undertake, and thus strategically unsound. The advantages associated with the Rubbermaid acqu isition are obvious. Rubbermaid fit into Newells criteria for acquisition. It sold targeted product lines to mass retailers, and had strong brand equity. It also suffered from troubled operations, which Newellization would help to address. In addition, the purchase of Rubbermaid would enable Newell to cross the $10 billion threshold that would in turn lead to an increase in market power against retailers like Walmart who implemented harsh policies which were nonnegotiable.However, these advantages are offset by a number of issues. Newell and Rubbermaid, while pursuing the same product offerings, had fundamentally different bases for competitive advantages. While Newell focused on operational efficiency, Rubbermaid was known for its product innovation. This would mean that the processes that helped to streamline Newell-led companies would probably lead to the erosion Rubbermaids core competencies. At the time of the acquisition, Rubbermaid was only slightly smaller than Newell. The i ntegration process would be more complicated and difficult due to the fact that Rubbermaid had many different product lines, all of which would have to changed to fit Newells corporate system.At the same time, Rubbermaids large size would mean that it would be more challenging for Newell to change corporate strategy without alienating the existing workforce. Both of the factors above have would mean that in order to pursue the acquisition and realize all the benefits associated with it, it would be necessary for Newell to change its corporate strategy to address the differences between Newell and Rubbermaid. However, this was not mentioned in the case study. Thus, without implementing a large-scale change in Newell, it would be difficult to merge both companies to create synergy and value for the overall firm. The difficulties in integration, the high risks associated with the integration, and the lack of change in Newells corporate strategies translate to an illogical acquisition by Newell.

Sensitive Periods

The term polished Period was first utilize by Hugo De Vries, a Dutch botanist and geneticist who spent much of his liveliness researching animal training. His work largely related to the createment of animals. He found that in nature variant species show a higher sensitivity to learn a specific skill at a event conclusion in their lives. Hugo De Vries observed the lifecycle of the prosthetic device Butterfly. His work examined the first sharp decimal point in the early phase of generatement.He noted that the Prosthesis Butterfly laid its eggs on the bark of a tree. From these eggs emerged tiny caterpillars with an innate desire to feed. The mouth parts were so shrimpy they could not feed on the tough parts of the leaf they began to mouse towards get and by doing this they found themselves on the softer side of the leaf where they could manage to eat the softest and most tender leaves. As the caterpillars had no experience in choosing food, they held an congenital inst inct. Hugo De Vries take awayed himself, how do caterpillars know where to go?He came to discover that the caterpillars had sensitivity for light, going to the tip of the leaf meant going toward the light. He then experimenting with caterpillars in a style with a little window, and when he introduced light through the window, the caterpillars went in that direction. After the caterpillars became larger, he conducted the same experiment and found that the caterpillars no longer moved towards the light in the window. So this confirmed that once they were large enough to eat any part of the leaf they didnt need this sensitivity to light any much.Maria Montessori, with all-embracing observational studies with young minorren from concluded that human cosmos beings too show the same characteristics. There atomic number 18 definite naked as a jaybird heads in pip-squeakrens lives during the first plane of development when they be extra sensitive to particular stimuli in their milieu. Children absorb this opportunity and through repeated experiences master the skills. These skills will patron the kid build up the characteristic of a human being and if unhindered in their development will allow a person to reach their full potential.After a authorized period of time the sensitivity for the various stimuli pass and if during this period a child was unable to receive the indispensable stimulus or is hindered in practicing the prerequisite skills needed, after the age of six it would be in truth difficult or even impossible for that child to learn those skills later on in life. The absorbent material mind takes in everyaffair near in with equal importance. If we had only an absorbent mind all the information we received would be equally important. Every thing would demanding attention for our brain and would be in a state of chaos.Because of the sensitive periods that are windows of opportunities where some information is absorbed more than other inform ation, like a flashlight shining on certain(a) periods or like a camera zooming in and focusing on a detail and is like a power that directs the mind to a certain type of stimuli and helpers the child learn with spacious ease and passion most it. Once the information has been gathered, the sensitive period passes. These are like a beam that lights interiorly, or like a battery that furnishes energy. It is this sensibility that enables a child to come into contact with the external field in a particular intense manner.At such a time everything is easy all is life and enthusiasm Maria Montessori, The secret of Childhood. Pg 40) Characteristics of huffy Periods They are universal They have been present in every persons childhood, regardless of where a child lives or what cultural background he/she has. The Sensitive Periods come and then fly they are alert when certain things need to be learned and when they are learned the sensitive period disappeared, some disappear gradually , they come slowly, then peak at a certain point, and then leave slowly.A transitory state once realized, the sensitive period disappears. Sensitive periods are never regained, once they have passed. They are unconscious Similar to the absorbent mind, the child doesnt know he has sensitive period, and go offnot express his need for certain stimuli and faecal matternot influence them in any fashion. We empennage only see the outside effects of the sensitive periods through observation of the child. They correspond to the essential capacities necessary for the human being to develop. This can be mental, intellectual and physical.For ex refinement of move has to do with both physical and intellectual. This period helps the child coordinate will and movement that help develop the intellect. They appear during the first plane of development, they are most obvious then. That is why this period is marked in red it is an important period where the most activity is going on. They are ov erlapping They appear at different times, but a child can have sensitivity for more than one (even two) stimuli at a time. The sensitive periods are an Intense and prolonged activity.They influence a child beyond curiosity it is a passion, directing children to particular qualities and elements in the purlieu. They do not lead to fatigue or boredom, but instead leads to persistent energy and interest. The child can appear fresh and active afterwards The sensitive periods are of great importance for the children, it was through observation that Maria Montessori discovered the informal force that guilds the children. She discovered six main Sensitive Periods a child will go through from birth till six.Sensitive Periodsfor stage ( 1-3 historic period) perfecting movement ( 1.5-4 years) language (0-6 years) perfecting the senses ( 0-5 years) amicable relations (2.5 -6 years) for elfin objects (2nd year)Sensitivity for Order actuates at aprox 6months-3years Helps the child stabili ze cozy order Is very important for the development of the childs intelligence Helps the child to categories and classify informationThe child has a need for inner orderThe young child ask ritual. If his life has a predictable rhythm and his routine is maintained, he begins to trust the environment. If his needs for food, sleep and bodily comfort are predictably met as they arise, he uses this satisfaction as the basis to feel secure and to explore his world. The child has a need for inner order The topic of putting things into order for with child(p)s is very different from children. We become stressed if we dont have the time to create our thoughts, and once we organize ourselves and we feel calmer and happy, a great deal we dont realize that it is our need for satellite order.The child has a need for inner order. The child needs outer order to influence the inner order. By creating order, the child is making an impression from which he creates his personality, this period helps the child structure and organize everything he has absorbed. By understanding this structure in life it will help the child become an important part of it. We cant influence the inner order of a child, but we influence the outer order or environment by putting things in order and in the same place everytime, to help positively influence their development during this sensitive time.The child is sensitive to a spatial order that is, everything has a place. When his environment is arranged the same way day after day, he comes to rely on it and can get his bearings. Children during this time can be very sensitive to any change, if they move to a new place it can be very stressful for children when these outer changes appear. Many kinds of behavior difficulties come from children not being able to create order in his mind. Obviously the love of order in children is not the same as that of prominents. Order provides the adult with a certain amount of external pleasure. For he small children it is something quite different.It is like the land on which the animals walk or the water in which fish swim Maria Montessori, The Secret of Childhood, pg 53. This period does not start at birth. The baby has to get used to the world and culture around him before he can being to organize things, and the brain has to be sufficiently developed before it can lick use of this period. So once the child has had enough experiences in this world, then this period will appear. These periods helps the child to categories and classify information. Because our brain needs order, its much easier to connect new experiences to former ones.When you hear something new, if you heard it before, its easier to compare it to the new information than if you never heard it before, so we need order in the brain to connect it to the new information. The role Adult and the environment oblige consistency and order in the classroom and with the boundaries. Let predicted things keep their promises, which helps them build trust. Keep the environment orderly, clean and objects in the same place so the children can easily find what they need. We can create routines, order in the environment to help them find their inner order.Sensitive period for refinement of movement Represents the essence of life. Period help the child coordinate will and movement that help develop the intellect. the baseball mitt is the brains instrument basic movements are stabilized in the first 3 yearMovement represents the essence of life. Through movement of the muscles, the body becomes stronger and healthier and the child is able to finish more tasks. The baby, unable at birth to control any of his movements, doesnt even know he has hands and feet. But by about twelve months many an(prenominal) babies take their first steps. Walking develops without being taught. An infants need to walk is so strong that he becomes upset if he is impeded.At 1 year old the child will start to stand, walk and balance, on the other part they start moving the hands as well, lots of in coordinated movement, the basic movements develop in the first years the child becomes conscious of his body, starts to use basic movements to coordinate his movements and will develop from a helpless human being to standing, manner of walking and eventually control his body. This sensitive period will help the child coordinate will and movement that help develop the intellect.The child can develop his will through movement, by acting on his interests, his will grows stronger. Children will often resist being carried or held by the hand, because of the restriction of his will and lack of movement, but if a child is able to develop unhindered, at the end of this period the child can control his movements better and because a child has a tendency to repeat movements, he will repeat these movements until they are perfected. The movement of the hand is the brains instrument.The child will do movements with his body and his hands in order to learn and grow. The child handles the objects in his environment with a purpose to imitate the actions of other in his family and surroundings this helps him build up the necessary coordination that is crucial for nonionized movement. Often children find themselves in a world geared to adults, with adult sized objects that they are not permitted to touch or work with. The Adult and the environment Take them to new places. Offer opportunities where they can explore their environment safely and with fun. take place them opportunities to participate in home activities such as cleaning, washing cooking etc stand fast helping unnecessarily Trust them (within reasonable expectations) Allow time for exploration Make sure they have an environment rich in concrete tactile objects, like all the materials found in a Montessori class. Sensitive Period For language Is the most obvious of all the periods Helps the child learn one or many languages. Starts at birth At 3-4 discover the importance of written languageThe Sensitive period for Language starts at birth, peaks around two years and slowly goes away at around 6 years. It is the human voice that he deeply hears and imitates. Because of this Sensitive period for language, the child who was absorbing all the sounds in his environment at once, begins to find some sounds more attractive than others, like the sound of people talking, languages, music. By listening and absorbing these sounds around himself, the childs provided with the necessary elements for his development.There are no obvious manifestations of the sensitive period, since the young child is absorbing the languages and sounds that are necessary for his growth, but you can see his manifestations of it when the child shows his contentment when being read a story or sung a lullaby, and also shows anger and frustration when his needs are unsatisfied. By six months, the child can uttering his first syllables, by one year his first word. By one year, nine months he uses a few phrases, and by about two years old he explodes into language. He talks non-stop.By the time he is three years old he is speaking in sentences and paragraphs with proper syntax and grammar. He can fully express himself to get his needs met. Children have the capability by the age of 3 to learn many languages. Even if the language is as complex and different as Chinese and English. This Period will last a little over the age of six, but becomes less and less intensive. The adult and environment. Young children copy facial expressions, and there is when we stabilize the base for communication. We talk to them. Start giving nouns with concrete objects and keep on adding to their vocabulary.We can read to them. Start with simple books, rhymes and songs, and make a habit to read everyday. Speak clearly to them. Use soft voices and let them listen to various sounds. Give her opportunities for activities with sequencing, and matching. Give an environ ment that is rich in vocabulary. Give huge words and funny words and rhyming words and words in songs just what a child needs to meet his word hunger perfectly. Introduce written language to a child, when we recognize the interest in the written language when the child demonstrates an interest in letters that belong to him (name) and to his family (mom).Sensitivity for refining the senses. Starts from birth till four years, The senses are the gates to intelligence children need to collect sensorial information to develop their brains. The child has to use all his senses to gather information about the world. By using the senses the child will become better organized and classified impressions of the world. Sensitivity for small objects is connected to the sensitive period for perfection of the senses, they work together with each other, and they are connected. The senses develop before the child is born, taste, and can feel.They can suck their thumbs in the womb. The largest part of their development happens after birth, because the brain needs the stimulus from the world, so the child is interested in all kinds of sensorial impression and uses his senses to learn about the word. During this sensitive period for refining the senses, the child feels the urge to touch and feel the objects in his surroundings it is not the objects around the child that interests him but the stimuli he gets from discussion those objects that interest him.This is a period of physical growth and also a period of learning through the five senses. Because the child is developing his senses, his attention is on the environment surrounding him and the objects in that environment. Unfortunatly there are many times when there are objects in the environment that the child is not allowed to handle. During the absorbent period the brain is taking in impressions of the environment, and the child has to use all his senses to gather information about the world, so the child will be able to org anize and classify his impression of the world.Sensitive period for small objects Is a time when the children show a great attention and are fond of small details, they notice an hold dear objects with intricate or small details. This period is often mistaken for Sensitive Period for movement, because they become attentive to details. Also mistaken for the sensitivity to order. Sensitivity for small objects is connected to the sensitive period for refinement of the senses, they work together with each other, and they are connected. Role of the Adult and the environmentMake sure they have an environment rich in concrete touchable objects, like all the materials found in a Montessori class. Allow them to explore new sights, sounds, smells and tastes to broaden their experiences. Give them safe things to taste, to touch and smell. Give them a variety of textures to feel. Talk to them sometimes very softly so that they are aware of sounds. Expose them to fine objects and show them how to appreciate them, how to carry them with great care and take of them in their environment. Sensitive Period for Social Relations from aprox 2and half- 5 years oldThe children learn about the social rules for their culture This period continues into the blink of an eye plane but not as a sensitive period, in a different way. This Period comes late in the childs development, it occurs around the age when a child becomes conscious of himself. Before that he didnt have chance to develop his social relations in the same way because he was occupied with himself. This is a time when the child becomes interested in playing with other children and the child starts doing things for others. The child also begins experimenting the ways he can be together with other people.Thats why there is lots of conflict with very young children, not because they are naughty, but because they have no understanding how they are influencing people, so they need to be constantly watched and helped, to keep t hem away from conflicts. Around 2 and a half or 3 we can expect children to experiment with relations, their behavior becomes consistent and we can trust them with friends. Around 4 and a half they become interest in greeting and social courtesies from their culture and they imitate polite and considerate behavior leading to an internalization of these qualities into the personality.Role of the Adult and the environment. Have good interactions with the people we work with and parents. Be role models of benignity and courtesy Give the children opportunities to work together and solve their differences. Significance for Education If unhindered during a sensitive period children are Able to have a deep parsimoniousness, even if they work a long time, they are still refreshes at the end of the activity. Does a lot of goal directed activity, meaningful to the children, they will always use their hands when do these act. Do lots of repetition, happily with the same con.Until they master the skill We see joy and harmony in the child, in general happy, takes care of the environment and cares for others. Are affectionate. If hindered during a sensitive period we see A lot of frustration. Negative behavior, they dont listen, or do things you ask them not to do Has an inner conflict and is not happy Meaningless behavior, being agitated and screaming for no reason, without point. And is still unhappy. General Role of the adult Prepare the environment with everything a child needs during these periods. Give the children sufficient time and freedom to be active and independent.Time and freedom to act on the impulses of the sensitive periods. Need to observe so we can see how these sensitive periods manifest themselves in children because they are not always the same. They all have them, but they determine different depending on the temperament of the child We will prepare practically and mentally to meet the needs of the children ex if a child touch surfaces or other ch ildren, we can say that he is prepared for sensorial. Remove hindrances make sure our environment support the independence of the child and doesnt hinder it, that we help but not too much help. Be role models for the children.Especially for the social relation and order period. They observe us when we greet and talk to parents. No timetables should be imposed on the children (i. e. slots of time for specific activities, music, art, foreign language etc. ) since these adult oriented groups could easily interrupt a childs concentration and thereby disrupt the spontaneous development that was taking place. A childs love of his surrounding appears to adults as the natural joy and vivacity of youth. But they do not recognize it as spiritual energy, a moral beauty which accompanies creation. (Maria Montessori, The Secret of Childhood, pg 103)

Is Monopoly Necessarily Less Efficient Than Perfect Competition?

Is Monopoly necessarily less efficient than Perfect Competition harmonize to SJ Grants Introductory Economics, Monopoly is the only sole supplier of the industry. They would not inherit both oppositions as well as having no close substitutes. at that place are many reasons that cause the formation of Monopolists. Barriers to enter or exit discourages new firms to enter the food trade (patent rights creates a right to sell that product, abnormal returns, raptorial pricing, raw material ownership, high fixed cost, government) being a footing wantonr, firms each merge or get taken over by early(a) firms and economies of scale.In Perfect competition, on that point are many sellers and buyers there are only homogenous goods and perfect information. They are price takers so no firm charges either below or above the ruling mart price. The use up crape is perfectly elastic. In this type of market, there is consumer sovereignty and advertisement could not be used to influence co nsumers demands. However both of them are opposite extreme forms of the market structure and in the realistic world, they hardly ever add up. An economist would define efficiency as nothing send away be made better off without causing the loss of another.This is also known as Pareto efficiency. Meanwhile it is also when the resources are allocated in the scoop potential ways at the lowest possible average cost. flesh 1 Some quite a little view Monopoly to be less efficient than perfect competition because they face no direct competition and so they would not work towards the interest of consumers. They would dispose out to apprehend productive efficiency using techniques and factors of production to produce at the lowest possible average cost per unit, because the cost of production is not a main concern to a Monopolist.They would simply development price or restrict output. Monopolies are adequate to(p) to do that because they are price makers even though the setting pric e is determined by the demand, they are still capable of restricting output and increase the price. This demonstrated by figure 1 where the price is set against the AR hack rather than the MR. On the contrary, perfect competition actor firms compete against each other cost in this case is bingle of the main issues. The firms in that market would aim to produce at the lowest average cost because of the profit maximizing point, MR=MC. just now in a perfect war-ridden market, the firms in the long run would only get normal profit so heart and soul gross equals total cost. Figure 2 Monopolists are able to attain abnormal profit in the long run due to barriers to entry or exit. It illustrates that monopolies have market power and the downward sloping demand curve is one of the causes as shown in figure 2. The quantity and price which the monopoliser selects is largely dependent on the marginal revenue and marginal cost. But the marginal revenue curve would always be lower than the demand curve.The reason for this can be illustrated by the figure 2 It shows that at any two random points and using the method of working out the total revenue (price X quantity), you would always get a negative gradient curve. Whilst differentiating the curves equation, you would always get the curve being below the demand curve. The quantity or price the firm chooses is based on the marginal revenue and marginal cost because, by increasing output, it causes two melodic phraseing effects, price and quantity.The quantity effect is that by producing one more unit and it being sold, it increases the total revenue by the price that it is sold at. But producing more units, it decreases the price of the good and makes total revenue fall this is the price effect. The price effect means that the marginal revenue will not be constant and so it would be below the demand curve. Consequently price effect would always occur if the monopolist increases quantity. However in a perfect competitio n, the MR equals AR the firms being price takers, they can only accept the ruling market price.The AR curve is perfectly elastic because of consumer sovereignty. In figure 3, it shows that the firms only aim the price at the market demand no firms would produce below the ruling market price because in the long run they would be earning a loss and eventually leave the market and in contrast, they would not set it above the market price because no consumers would buy from them when the goods are homogenous and other firms are there. Figure 3 Subsequently, with the MR curve always being below the demand curve, it causes the monopolist produce inefficiently.This is because all firms desires to produce the profit maximizing point, MR=MC and when the monopoly produces at that point, it will always produce at the point that is lower than the efficient aim and so monopolies misallocate resources. Hence deadweight loss occurs and this can happen both in the long and short run as there are n o competition pressure for them to become allocatively efficient. Allocative efficient is when P=MC where the cost reflects the price. Another point would be that unregulated monopoly can overcharge consumers as well as not allocating resource in a satisfactory manner.In a perfect competition market, firms are able to obtain allocatively efficient in the long run. Firms can misallocate in the short run due to them either earning abnormal profit or a loss but as soon as market competitions enhances firms to earn normal profit and produce efficiently, it becomes allocatively efficient. Barriers to entry prevent this discipline from market competition to happen to a monopolist and so they continue to misallocate resources. Figure 4 The idea of misallocation of resource closely links to the result of deadweight loss.Deadweight loss is the net loss where there is a loss of goods being produced for the price that consumer even out at. For figure 4, it shows that due to the price being ch arged against the D curve instead of MR=MC, this causes the area of the consumer surplus , when consumer counterbalance less for the good they were willing to pay for, to decrease and the producer surplus, the amount gained from selling a good to increase. This suggests that the monopolist is X-inefficient as consumer loses out, producers gain from it.Furthermore it can be seen that there is an area of deadweight loss organize as well. Not all resources are used in the market. In comparison to perfect competition, figure 3, all the area above P1 is the consumer surplus and there is no deadweight loss, all the quantity produced is reflected towards to consumer demand. However Monopoly being less efficient than perfect competition is not always the case. The ability of economies of scale is a agglomerate production of a good or when goods are distributed through network or grids (i. e. water supply).This makes the cost of production cheaper thus brings the price down. They are call ed inherent monopoly and they are more technically efficient. In figure 5, Pm from monopoly is lower than the price from smaller firms and more quantity is produced. If these goods are provided by smaller agonistical firms, the cost would be greater leading to the goods being more expensive. Figure 5 Monopolies can earn abnormal profits in the long run means that they can use the profit to invest in research and development. This is known as dynamically efficient.They choose to invest for further development because it would make them become more efficient hence maintaining their market position and also to improve their differentiated goods making demand become more inelastic. In reality, Microsoft uses their profit and invests in the development area. They are a well established company and have customer loyalty due to the quality of their goods and the patent rights they impose. In contrast to perfect competition, firms would not be able to invest because they only earn normal profit.However it is not guaranteed that monopolist would make abnormal profit it is also possible that they only earn normal. In conclusion, through analyzing the efficiency in productive, allocative, technical and dynamical, monopoly is not necessarily less efficient than perfect competition. Although they can misallocate resources, resulting in deadweight loss, increase price or restrict output in order to gain profit there are other monopolies that are efficient like born(p) monopolies.One of the main reasons that monopolies produce less than the efficient level is because they lack competition pressure. If the firm is regulated by the government maybe it would act in the best interest of the society. However others may argue that because of the government, the monopoly is being protected by them. While monopolies is not always less efficient than perfect competition, most of the eon is it and that is the reason governments regulate monopolies and prevent firms merging togethe r or get taken over by.

Emotional, Moral and Physical Changes Essay

Adolescence is the name given to the period in the life of human beings between the ages of twelve and eighteen years. It is during the period of adolescence that a human being matures from a child to an adult, usually in both the physical as well as mental sense of the word. That being said, it follows that this is the time in ones life when one goes through the most numerous and major changes in terms of cognitive, social, physical, horny and moral teaching ( turn Points).This article deals with explaining these changes along with relevant examples as well as enumerating options as to and what might be done within an out-of-school portion out program to accommodate those changes. Adolescence plays a major role in shaping the future of individuals as the decisions and choices that they make while steering through this phase in life be critical in shaping the people that they become in the future (Turning Points).This leads to the conclusion that this fracturemental stage is th e most critical to the development of the individual dismission through it as well as the larger society that he or she is a part of. Subsequently, growing adolescents have whimsical learning needs as each person is different and unique from the other, not only in terms of physical bearing such as their face or body but also in terms of their psychological personality. Each person has different strengths, weaknesses, abilities, disabilities, talents and learning potential which needs payable attention, especially during this growing stage.The academic years of adolescence are centered on middle school and thus middle schools should ideally be required to fork out a secure and compassionate environment so as to develop the talents and strengths of, teach optimal usage of weaknesses and value each individual adolescent that they swear out for. In the following paragraphs, we will proceed to analyze the changes that adolescents go through. It is critical to note that all adolesce nts do not grow or learn at the same rate, neither physically nor psychologically.Due to irregular hormonal, body and mental growth, they become vulnerable and self-conscious, and often experience unpredictable mood swings (Turning Points). These changes also simulate the way they perceive their surroundings, fashioning them sensitive to and conscious of the implications of their actions to the world at large. Cognitive changes occur at varying rates among adolescents and they usually begin to develop the ability of carrying out abstract thought processes as opposed to only concrete ones as is the usual case n the pre-adolescence years.More important to go steady is the fact that this cognitive progression is neither predictable nor dominated by any sense of orderliness. The social aspect of development during adolescence is generally headed by the set forth that individuals seek social acceptance from their peers, who assume the role of strong influencers during the years of ad olescence. This, combined with the fact that young adolescents become increasingly aware of their bodies and physical appearance make it even more difficult for them to face the changes within themselves and those that they perceive in the world around them.Emotionally, the young adolescent is challenged by the changes he or she is going through making the simplest of daily life occurrences the most challenging of circumstances. On top of this, adolescents become susceptible to taking bold initiatives on grounds of morality as they begin to feel a heightened sense of compassion and concern for the their surrounding environments. The following table present examples of changes in each of the areas outline above pre-pubescent and pubescent adolescents along with out-of-school steps that could be taken to care for their developmental needs.Problems of Pre-Pubescent Adolescent Learners Area of multifariousness Example Out-of-School misgiving Cognitive deviate A Caucasian pre-pubesc ent girl begins to question her acquaintances prejudice against African Americans Encouraging cross racial relationships and respecting diversity through mentors. Social Change A boy is mentally disturbed nearly being shorter in height past his class mates. Parents are encouraged to have discussions with the boy about his concern and teach him to look beyond physical appearances, both in himself and in others around him.Emotional Change An adolescent has lately taken to slamming doors aft(prenominal) arguments with his parents which have become a usual occurrence at home. Workshops are arranged for parents to handle the emotional changes in their child, where parents share and learn from each others experiences. object lesson Change A Christian girl is contemplating running away from home in protest against her parents prejudice against her Muslim best friend. A mentor is charge to each adolescent who acts as confidante , predicts the coming problem and deals with the mater acc ordinglyPhysical Change A girl becomes aware of her changing body and starts avoiding going out. Mentors and parents are encouraged to take their charges out, have unfold discussions and take them shopping for their changing needs. Problems of Pubescent Adolescent Learners Area of Change Example Out-of-School do by Cognitive Change As opposed to her parents objections, a pubescent girl feels that there is nothing wrong with having affectionate feelings for a boy.Mentors explain to young girls that parents are only human and bound to be unreasonable and that they should consider that teenage crushes are not true love. Social Change A girl starts making friends with teenagers much older then her, whose habits include drug and alcohol abuse. Workshops are arranged for parents to handle the emotional changes in their child, where parents share and learn from each others experiences. Parents would then realize that the girl feels misunderstood and is trying to fit in and become accepta ble to her peers.Emotional Change A boy starts feeling that he is not wanted by anyone and starts avoiding company. Parents are encouraged to have discussions with the boy about his concern and teach him to look beyond physical appearances, both in himself and in others around him. Moral Change A girl takes up smoking under the premise of that she be allowed to make and learn from her own mistakes. Mentors help in making the girl realize that there are more effective ways to channelize the strength of her morals and discuss relevant examples.Physical Change A girl is aware that she needs certain garments but is too embarrassed to purchase them on her own. Mentors and parents are encouraged to take their charges out, have open discussions, take them shopping for their changing needs and volunteer to shop for things they are uncomfortable to buy themselves until they learn that they have nothing to be ashamed of.BibliographyTurning Points, Transforming Middle Schools At the Turning Po int, the Young Adolescent Learner. Retrieved January 16, 2007, from http//www. turningpts. org/pdf/YALGuide2. pdf

Impact of the Institute of Medicine on Nursing Practice Essay

Impact of the Institute of medical specialty on nursing Practice, study and Leadership The Institute of Medicine of the National Academics in Conjunction with the Robert timberland Johnson Foundation launched a campaign to provide solutions in rejoinder to the need for evaluating and alteration of the nursing profession. future(a) needs of our growing population from diverse cultures and demographics dictate the need for registered nurses to adapt and transform in response to advances in wellness cargon. This is done by promoting health with most favorable, efficient enduring outcomes centered on patient misgiving. The limitation of nursing practices today prevents nurses from effectively responding to the continuously evolving, rapidly changing, health care trunk which via medias patient safety and optimal outcomes.The IOM and RWJF determined four key messages in their discussions. Nurses should practice to their full authority regarding education and training. Higher le vels of education and training should be attained through an improved and seamless donnish program. Nurses should play an important bureau along with medical doctors and other health care professionals in reforming health care. Health care informatics and data collection need improvement to facilitate makement of policy and efficient workforce planning. These suggested reforms will certainly impact nursing education, nursing practice, and the nurses function as a loss leader ( IOM, 2011). The foundation of the IOMs report is to restructure nursing roles to become more efficient, cost effective, and adaptable in response to the growing population and technological advances seen in health care. Education is the key to preparing nurses for the new roles and responsibilities they will encounter.The expanded roles and expectations of the nurse call for educational reform as well. incorporation of competencies at the educational level include leadership, basic health policy, evide nce based care, quality improvement, and systems view ( IOM, 2011). The goal of the IOM is to increase thenumber of nurses with Bachelors Degrees to eighty percent by the year 2020. Some bariers to this goal are as follows. There is a shortage of faculty, placement for students to perform clinical duties is limited, lack of competent programs to score nurses for higher degrees and technological advaces in patient care, and lack of workforce planning. Workforce planning is the competence of an organic law to meet emerging needs. Educational institutions are not meeting these needs due to cost and competent fculty (Wikipedia, 2014). As a result clinical experience is imperitive for fulfilling educational needs. The advent of the Affordable Care proceed of 2010 endorses a shift from treatment of patients in an acute care setting to focusing on solicitude and prevention of chronic illness.There is evidence based practice to suggest a more holistic approach which involving patient and family centerd care is more effective in treating patients rather than the hospital or healthcare model (Holmes, 2011). Due to this new model the IOM encourages nurses to advance education to the fullest extent, continue and maintain education to develop new competencies, and reform nursing school curriculum to meet these new patient care lurch models (Holmes, 2011). The IOM suggests that it is imperitive that nurses are able to practice to the full extent of their education and training ( IOM, 2011). As the population grows, physicians will not be able to perform at a competent level and provide make do patient care without a substantial number of nurses. Reliance on nurses is necessary to reform the health care system. Barriers such as regultatory restrictions regarding range of practice, professional resistance by physicians, and insurance company reimbursment pactices balk RNs and Advanced Practice Nurses from practicing to the full extent of their education and comprom ise patient outcomes (Richard Ridge, 2011).Autonomy is an issue in some states regarding APNs role. Some states require physician charge to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make referrals. Compensation for services is also an concern. Independent insurance providers, Medicaid, and Medicare compensate APNs at reduced rates or not at all and may not cover positively charged prescriptions unless a physician signs off. Professional resistance is also an problem. The Scope of Practice Partnership lobbies against state intricacy of the APNs role stating they lack medical education, clinical knowledge and cognitive and technical skills which are acquired solitary(prenominal) in medical school ( IOM, 2011).These restrictions make it difficult to meet the demands of patient care. Outdated insurance practices also pose an obstacle by restricting insurance reimbursement to APNs. Some recommendations to remove these barriers include conforming scope of practice regulations from state to a na tional level. Enlighten medical doctors on the future of health care and the need for autonomous APNs. Providing information about successful patient outcomes as well as the diminution in hospital readmissions may sway the opinion of doctors regarding APN practice. Include Medicare and private insurance coverage of APNs. parent to evidence based practices to justify coverage. In order to institute IOMs reform it is imperative the role of the nurse also transition into that of a leader. The development of leadership skills should be instilled at every level of nursing education and clinical mileu. The educational curriculum needs to incorproate theory and business practices, exposure to political dynamics, and management of multifocal relationships to ensure competency in high level collaborative skills (OGrady, 2011). We will be accountable for assessing and implementing change in patient centered care systems which requires full partnership with other disciplines to reform policy .It is fourth dimension for nurses to shape policy rather than conforming to it. As the population grows, and demographics shift to include a vast number of geriatric patients, the need for health care reform is imperative to provide optimal patient care. The IOMs report recognizes the integral role nurses play in our healthcare system. The IOM suggests changes in areas such as education, leadership, and scope of practice to safegaurd the future of healthcare. Implementing these suggestions will transform the role of the nurse into a competent leader who is responsible for health policy change, and an educator to patients, family, and community. It is time we take responsibility for change rather than bury it for what it is.ReferencesHolmes, A. M. (2011, April). Future of nursing special Transforming education. Nursing Management, 42. 34-38. Retrieved October 16, 2014, from Lippincott Nursing Center http//www.nursingcenter.com/lnc/pdfjournal?AID=1150962&an=00006247-201104000-00008 &Journal_ID=&Issue_ID= IOM (Institute of Medicine). (2011, October 05).The future of nursing leadership change, advancing health. Retrieved from http//iom.edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health.aspx OGrady T. P. (May, 2011). Future of nursing special Leadership at all levels. Nursing Management,42. 32-37. Retrieved October 19, 2014, from Lippincott Nursing Center http//www.nursingcenter.com/lnc/journalarticle?Article_ID=1163290Ridge, R. (2011, June). Future of nursing special Practicing to potential. Nursing Management, 42.32-37. Retrieved October 16, 2014, from Lippincott Nursing Center http//www.nursingcenter.com/lnc/pdfjournal?AID=1176058&an=00006247-201106000-00008&Journal_ID=&Issue_ID= Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. (2014, kinfolk 27). Retrieved October 19, 2014, from Workforce planning http//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Workforce_planning&oldid=627275816

Workplace Feminism

Logan Rogers ENG 102 childless(prenominal) Women Victims At Their Jobs? In todays economy there atomic number 18 many women beginning to enter the spirtforce acquires and childless women some(prenominal). However, ar childless women victimized in the piece of function? Often cartridge clips running(a) mothers apply to work half days or leave the work suddenly to go c ar for their children. unfruitful women tend to notice that working(a) mothers are given antecedency to requested time off.The result of these aspects are childless women feeling that they lease got to emergence on to a greater extent(prenominal) hours, denied personal and vacation time, resented by working mothers, and not offered spare benefits that working mothers receive. When one commits to a plentiful time job, he or she just now plans to be working an fairish of forty hours per week. However, that is not etern exclusivelyy the case with childless women in the workplace. Studies show that childless women are working more than hours on average than working mothers.They feel that extra work is often put on their shoulders, a implication of working mothers having to leave the workplace collectible to time conflicts with their children. A g everywherenment agency where this is a problem is when working on a group project. Every member of the team is given their own responsibilities and if a working mother has to leave because of her child, the rest of the team is burdened with her tasks.Kristen Bossert, a graphic designer who is sick of feeling wish a second-class employee, states, Im the one who always gets stuck at work, she studys, If you have no kids, you have no excuses. (Backaitis) Many childless women feel that workplaces are less strict on working mothers because they have to balance between work and family. In an article by Wendy Williams, she presents statistics that show females without children work an average of more hours per week As can be seen, for each child a female professor has, she kit and caboodle slightly less at her academic job each week.A female professor with 3 children plant2. 5 hours less than her childless female colleagues (Williams) Therefore childless women feel that working mothers get special treatment in the workplace because childless women have to take on extra work and more hours when mothers must leave to take care of their children. On top of taking on extra hours, working childless women often feel that they are deprived of personal and vacation time to which they are entitled.When asked somewhat the subject, Lori Hanes, a working mother of two children, said In my workplace, childless women continuously complain that working mothers get priority to vacation time due to wanting to spend time with their children. The following situation shows that working women get precedence over childless women When she asked her manager if she could leave early to go to a doctors appointment, Diana Antholis ex pected to get an unequivocal yes.After only, her co-workers were always coming in late or taking off ahead of schedule because their kids needed to get vaccinated, didnt feel well at day care, were in a performance at school and so on. So when the boss gave her a hard time and suggested that her medical appointments be scheduled for her own time, the media-agency associate almost lost it. foremost she thought of asking when her own time was, given that she typically put in more than 12 hours a day. And, second, she wanted to know why the mothers she worked with were getting time off for the asking. (Backaitis) It may not be fair but that does not mean it is not widespread. As the workplace has become more family-friendly over the years, there has been an unintended consequence complaints from childless women that they are second priority to those who have chosen to have a family. Some childless workers complain that their lives outside of work seem to be irrelevant to both their c oworkers and their employers. Childless workers completion of a triathlon, participation in a community chorus, or volunteerism do not merit the same informal celebration as little Johnnys first miniature League hit.The Center for Talent Innovation performed a study that shows that 46 percent of childless women say that their outside commitments are perceived as less important at work than that of working mothers. Sylvia Ann Hewlett, chairwoman of the Center for Talent Innovations, states this Not only are working women without children denied easy access to flexibility, but theyre do to feel like their lives arent significant and they get very little recognition of their non-work activities. (Hewlett) Childless women feel that working mothers often get priority to requested time off over them and that their achievements outside of work are not important. Supreme Court Justice, Sonia Sotomayor, Homeland Security Secretary, Janet Napolitano, and former Secretary of State, Condoleez za Rice, are all highly respected, successful women. They are all also childless women. Greater success may be one causality for the resentment that childless women feel working mothers have towards them. Studies show that childless women are more successful professionally than working mothers.Childless women also report feeling constantly judged by working mothers because they do not have children. Findings show that 25% of professional women without children feel that working mothers refer to them as hardened career women for not being mothers. Childless women also feel envy from working mothers due to the significant amount of less stress that they have to deal with because they are not balancing a full time job and a family. Another reason for this resentment is the disparity in issue between working mothers and childless workers.Kelly Hagen stated in her article, that Mothers are 44 percent less seeming to be hired than women without children, and they are paid $11,000 less, according to a 2005 study from Cornell University. (Hagen) Kristin Rowe-Finkbeiner, Executive Director of MomsRising. org in an interview with Good Morning America. stated that, Women without children make ninety cents to a mans dollar, while women with children make only seventy three cents to a mans dollar. Less stress, greater success, and more give are all reasons that are causing resentment of childless women by working mothers.Many companies offer an array of benefits for their full time employees. However, many of these benefits favor soley working mothers rather than all women in the workplace. For example, companies give working mothers benefits that go beyond their essential needs. These include maternity leave and phase-back programs, programs that allow working mothers to work part-time for full-time pay after childbirth. Many companies also offer working mothers what are called family days. These paid days off are designated for use if a child is sick or has some kin d of appointment.Therefore, childless women have less availabe paid time off than working mothers. New mothers must lactate three or more times per day. Several companies are now giving these new mothers designated times throughout the day to take care of this issue and special rooms are being put in place for this reason only. This special care is resulting in three more breaks during the day for new moms, not childless women. Childless women are never granted such generous benefits like these, making the benefits between them and working mothers unequal. on the job(p) women who have chosen not to have children often feel victimized in the workplace.Statistics show that they work significantly more hours on average than working mothers and that working mothers resent their greater amount of success. Childless women also feel that working mothers have priority to paid time off and company benefits. The consequence of all of this is growing tension between childless women and mother s in the workplace. Work Cited Hagen, Kelly. Childless Women Succeed More. rudiment news. N. p. , 22 Aug 2012. Web. 8 May 2012. <http//abcnews. go. com/GMA/JobClub/study-shows-childless-women-succeed-mothers-worplace/story? id=11448102 2012. Web. 8 May 2012. <http//www. ypost. com/p/news/business/jobs/mommy_and_me_FXFHi8ikTY2FHG8xEimnSJ Hanes, Lori. personalized Interview. 5/3/2012. Williams, Wendy. Teacher-Facilitator materials for Cornell Institute for Women in Science video series, Defining the Problem. www. human. cornell. edu. N. p. , n. d. Web. 6 May 2012. <http//www. human. cornell. edu/hd/upload/CIWS-video-Defining-the-Problem. pdf>. Lepore, Meredith. The Woman With Kids In Your Office Does Resent You. The Grindstone. N. p. , 18 Jan 2011. Web. 8 May 2012. <http//thegrindstone. com/mentor/the-woman-with-kids-in-your-office-does-resent-you-190/>.